Language is a powerful tool that both reflects and shapes attitudes in society. Over time, the language we use to describe disability has shifted in many ways to be more inclusive and respectful.
The UK had, in 2023, more than 16 million people were living with a disability. Each community has its own preferred terms, which we’ll get into.
December is Disability History Month in our cultural calendar. As we acknowledge the skills, diversity and talent of people with disabilities this week, it’s as good a time as any to reflect on how these changes have evolved.
Key Terminology Changes
Perhaps the most significant transition in terms of disability language — is leaning toward person-first language. This method focuses on the individual prior to their disability, attempting to identify the individual rather than being identified as one trait or another.
For example, this model favors terms like ‘person with a disability’ and ‘person with autism.’
On the other hand, many groups have increasingly adopted an identity-first language because they feel their disability is a critical part of their identity and one that should be recognized as such.
People who view their disability as integrated into the core of their identity prefer terms like ‘autistic person’ or ‘disabled person.’
Current Trends
As with most things related to disability language, there is no singular appropriate term that fits all needs or preferences of individuals and communities.
It is important to respect individual preferences. This calls for listening and a willingness to learn because language changes not just with social progress but with the frameworks of the people affected most.
For example, there is an ongoing debate regarding person-first versus identity-first language, and these differing perspectives underscore the importance of nuance and empathy.
Other contemporary trends emphasise inclusivity in the arena of fashion. Disabled Talents on the cover of magazines, and things are changing in terms of more accessible design.
Impact on Society
But the terms ‘handicapped’ was always used in earlier decades with the sense of a person as pitiable, or as less able. In the 20th century, as disability rights movements gathered steam, they pushed back on these narratives, calling for language that recognised equality, agency and dignity.
The United Nations and numerous advocacy groups globally have contributed to the growth of inclusion of deaf employees, inclusive language, and accessibility in the workplace. These shifts in language, in turn, shape public perceptions, policies and attitudes toward disability.
Inclusive Language Examples
Words keep changing, and so do we. This Disability History Month should remind us that we can reflect on our words and what they tell us about people when we say them.
One of the most practical things you can do to show respect and consideration is use inclusive language. For example, ‘accessible parking space’ or ‘accessible toilet’ is used instead of ‘handicap parking’ or ‘disabled toilet’.
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